'Cow\r'

'Cattle (colloquially scares) be the most frequent type of large domesticated ungu youngs. They ar a prominent recent constituent of the subfamily Bovinae, argon the most widespread species of the genus genus Bos, and atomic number 18 most comm scarce classified collectively as Bos primigenius. Cattle be raised as line of descent for mettle ( screak and veal), as dairy brutes for milk and opposite dairy products, and as draft puppets (oxen or markocks) (pulling carts, plows and the like). Other products include leather and goop for manure or fuel. In or so countries, such(prenominal) as India, affrights argon sacred.From as few as 80 progenitors domesticated in southeast turkey about 10,500 grades ago,[2] an estimated 1. 3 mavin thousand million kine argon in the argona today. [3] In 2009, oxen became the first caudex animal to ease up a to the full mapped genome. [4] SpeciesMain article: Bovini Cattle were product lineally identified as lead discern species: Bos pig, the European or â€Å"taurine” oxen (including similar types from Africa and Asia); Bos indicus, the zebu; and the n anexistent Bos primigenius, the aurochs. The aurochs is ancestral to slightly(prenominal) zebu and taurine kine.Recently, these three have progressively been grouped as angiotensin-converting enzyme species, with Bos primigenius taurus, Bos primigenius indicus and Bos primigenius primigenius as the subspecies. [5] Zubron, a cross between wisent and kineComplicating the result is the ability of cattle to interbreed with opposite(a) closely related species. Hybrid individuals and in time breeds exist, non only between taurine cattle and zebu (such as the sanga cattle, Bos taurus africanus), moreover also between atomic number 53 or both of these and approximately early(a) members of the genus Bos †yaks (the dzo or yattle[6]), banteng, and gaur.Hybrids such as the flushalo breed can plain occur between taurine cattle and either species of bison, leading some authors to meditate them part of the genus Bos, as well. [7] The hybrid origin of some types whitethorn not be obvious †for example, genetic testing of the overtop Lulu breed, the only taurine-type cattle in Nepal, found them to be a mix in of taurine cattle, zebu, and yak. [8] However, cattle cannot successfully be hybridized with more distantly related bovids such as water buffalo or African buffalo.The aurochs primarily ranged passim Europe, North Africa, and much of Asia. In diachronic times, its range became restricted to Europe, and the last cognise individual died in Masovia, Poland, in about 1627. [9] Breeders have attempted to recreate cattle of similar appearance to aurochs by crossing traditional types of domesticated cattle, creating the Heck cattle breed. Word origin”Cattle” did not originate as the name for bovid animals.It was borrowed from Old French catel, itself from Latin caput, head, and originally m eant movable personal property, oddly livestock of any kind, as hostile to authorized property (the land, which also included kookie or small free-roaming animals such as chickens †they were s centenarian as part of the land). [10] The intelligence agency is closely related to â€Å"chattel” (a building block of personal property) and â€Å"capital” in the frugal sense. [11][12] The boundary replaced earlier Old position feoh â€Å"cattle, property” (cf. German: Vieh, Gothic: faihu). The rallying cry â€Å"cow” came via Anglo-Saxon cu ( plural invent c? ), from Common Indo-European g? ous (genitive g? wes) = â€Å"a bovine animal”, comparing Persian gav, Sanskrit go, Welsh buwch. [citation needed] The genitive plural of cu is c? na, which gave the now out of date English plural of â€Å"kine”. The stinting language mirthful is coo or cou, and the plural is â€Å"kye”. In older English sources such as the King mob Version of the Bible, â€Å"cattle” confabulates to livestock, as opposed to â€Å"deer” which refers to wildlife. â€Å"Wild cattle” may refer to feral cattle or to undomesticated species of the genus Bos. Today, when employ without any another(prenominal) qualifier, the modern meaning of â€Å"cattle” is normally restricted to domesticated bovines. citation needed] speech Look up cattle or cow in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A Hereford bullIn full normal, the same words are use in different move of the world, but with minor differences in the descriptions. The destinationinology described here contrasts the differences in definition between the United Kingdom and other British-influenced move of world such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and the United States. [13] An â€Å"intact” (i. e. , not weaken) magnanimous anthropoid is called a bull. A wild, young, unmarked bull is known as a â€Å"micky” in Australia . 14] An unbranded bovine of either sex is called a â€Å" unconventional” in the USA and Canada. An gravid distaff that has had a calfskin (or two, depending on regional usage) is a cow. A young womanly before she has had a calf of her own[15] and is down the stairs three years of age is called a heifer ( /? h? f? r/ HEF-? r). [16] A young fe priapic person that has had only one calf is occasionally called a first-calf heifer. early days cattle of both sexes are called calves until they are weaned, then weaners until they are a year old in some areas; in other areas, particularly with male bitch cattle, they may be known as feeder calves or simply feeders.After that, they are referred to as yearlings or stirks[17] if between one and two years of age. [18] A unsexed male is called a steer in the United States; older steers are much called bullocks in other parts of the world,[19] but in North America this endpoint refers to a young bull. Piker bullocks are micky bull s that were caught, castrated and then later lost. [14] In Australia, the term â€Å"Japanese ox” is used for grain-fed steers in the weight range of 500 to 650 kg that are destined for the Japanese core group trade. [20] In North America, draft cattle under four years old are called working steers.Improper or late castration on a bull results in it becoming a vulgar steer known as a stag in Australia, Canada and New Zealand. [21] In some countries, an incompletely castrated male is known also as a rig. A castrated male (occasionally a female or in some areas a bull) kept for draft purposes is called an ox (plural oxen); â€Å"ox” may also be used to refer to some trunk products from any adult cattle, such as ox-hide, ox-blood, oxtail, or ox-liver. [16] A springer is a cow or heifer close to calving. [22] In all cattle species, a female twin of a bull unremarkably becomes an infertile partial intersex, and is a freemartin.Neat (horned oxen, from which neatsfoot an ele is derived), beef (young ox) and beefing (young animal fit for slaughtering) are obsolete hurt, although poll, pollard or polled cattle are still terms in use for naturally hornless animals, or in some areas also for those that have been disbudded. Cattle raised for human manipulation are called beef cattle. Within the beef cattle industry in parts of the United States, the older term beef (plural beeves) is still used to refer to an animal of either sex. Some Australian, Canadian, New Zealand and British people use the term beast, especially for single animals when the sex is unknown. 23] Cattle of accredited breeds bred specifically for milk production are called milking or dairy cattle;[13] a cow kept to provide milk for one family may be called a house cow or milker. The adjectival applying to cattle in general is normally bovine. The terms â€Å"bull”, â€Å"cow” and â€Å"calf” are also used by extension to come to the sex or age of other large an imals, including whales, hippopotamuses, camels, elk and elephants See also: List of animal names Singular terminology solution A ruck of CattleCattle can only be used in the plural and not in the bizarre: it is a plurale tantum. 24] Thus one may refer to â€Å"three cattle” or â€Å"some cattle”, but not â€Å"one cattle”. No universally used singular form in modern English of â€Å"cattle” exists, other than the sex- and age-specific terms such as cow, bull, steer and heifer. Historically, â€Å"ox” was not a sex-specific term for adult cattle, but generally this is now used only for draft cattle, especially adult castrated males. The term is also corporate into the names of other species, such as the musk ox and â€Å"grunting ox” (yak), and is used in some areas to describe certain cattle products such as ox-hide and oxtail. 25] A brahman calf”Cow” is in general use as a singular for the collective â€Å"cattle”, d espite the objections by those who insist it to be a female-specific term. Although the phrasal idiom â€Å"that cow is a bull” is sozzled from a lexicographic standpoint, the word â€Å"cow” is easy to use when a singular is needed and the sex is unknown or irrelevant †when â€Å"there is a cow in the road”, for example. Further, any herd of fully mature cattle in or near a cultivate is statistically likely to consist for the most part of cows, so the term is probably unblemished even in the restrictive sense.Other than the few bulls needed for breeding, the vast majority of male cattle are castrated as calves and slaughtered for meat before the age of three years. Thus, in a pastured herd, any calves or herd bulls usually are distinctly distinguishable from the cows due to distinctively different sizes and clear anatomical differences. Merriam-Webster, a US dictionary, recognizes the sex-nonspecific use of â€Å"cow” as an alternate definitio n,[26] whereas Collins, a UK dictionary, does not. [27]Colloquially, more general nonspecific terms may denote cattle when a singular form is needed. Australian, New Zealand and British farmers use the term â€Å"beast” or â€Å"cattle beast”. â€Å"Bovine” is also used in Britain. The term â€Å"critter” is common in the westerly United States and Canada, particularly when referring to young cattle. [28] In some areas of the American South (particularly the Appalachian region), where both dairy and beef cattle are present, an individual animal was at one time called a â€Å"beef critter”, though that term is becoming archaic.\r\n'