Essay on Vibrio cholerae, the Human Immune System, and...

Vibrio cholerae, the Human Immune System, and Vaccines Cholera remains a drastically severe disease, killing hundreds of people each outbreak. When ingested, it attaches to the mucosal lining of the intestines and disrupts the normal flow of ions so that there is more sodium, chloride, and water in the intestinal lumen than normal and results in massive diarrhea. Cholera has made a global impact and been endemic in almost all parts of the world. Cholera control strongly emphasizes sanitation, clean drinking water, isolation, and careful food preparation. Two ways our body works against cholera as a self-limiting disease are sloughing cells and the secretory immunoglobulin (sIgA) antibody produced by mucus throughout our body. There are†¦show more content†¦Although the mucosa itself does not appear to be damaged by CT, the net flow of Na+ into tissue is decreased and the net flow of Cl- and water out of tissue is increased so as a result, there is more Na+, Cl-, and water in the lumen than there should be. This leads to massive diarrhea and great electrolyte imbalance. A patient with severe cholera can lose up to 20L of water a day (Salyers A., Abigail, 141). At times, diarrhea becomes so dilute it is almost clear, containing flecks of mucus that it is called rice water stool because of its watery consistency (Salyers A., Abigail, 142). This rapid rate of water loss and dehydration is tremendously fatal. At its most extreme, symptoms emerge in 3-4 hours, previously healthy patients can die within 6-8 hours of infection, and more commonly go into shock 6-12 hours after infection and die within 18 hours (Weekly Epidemiological Record, 6). Cholera’s level of severity is very life threatening and remains a big problem even in our world today. Almost 100 countries worldwide are still affected by cholera and it’s virtually impossible to completely prevent an outbreak. If left alone, this rapidly infectious disease can cause many fatalities. However, improved methods for surveillance, diagnosis, an d treatment, paired with higher standards of sanitation and personalShow MoreRelatedVibrio cholerae1286 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Microbiology Pathogen paper Vibrio cholera Nazarbayev University Taxonomy and Morphology Vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterium which is causative agent for the diarrheal disease cholera. Vibrio cholerae is a member of the Vibrionaceae family, which is a facultative anaerobic and is capable of respiratory and fermentative metabolism. It does not form spores and its motility is due to the single polar flagellum. Vibrios are highly halophylic and are very sensitiveRead MoreHow do bacteria affect human lives926 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿How do bacteria affect human lives? Bacteria interact and are a constant in our day to day lives, perhaps more than suspected. Bacteria are often thought of as bad, however this is untrue, there is also many types of ‘good’ bacteria. ‘Good’ bacteria can benefit us by simply helping our digestive system work and helping us in the process of fermentation. Bacteria are extremely helpful in the production of many things such as fuel and medicine. But bacteria directly affect our production ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Emotional Stress On The People Of Haiti Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease such as cholera bacteria inflicting diarrhea. These infections are easily spread through contaminated water. Emotional stress which has a great impact on the physical as well as the mental health of the population quickly degraded the body immune system. Inadequate quantities and qualities of water to sustain health and personal hygiene, poor environmental sanitation and insufficient shelter are all factors that made cholera more potent. An infectious disease like cholera thrives best in a malnutritionRead MoreDisease is worldwide. Some, unfortunately, may continue to be a problem for decades or centuries to1500 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease that continues to disrupt parts of the world. Cholera is death by diarrhea (Symington, 2011). It is a poten tially severe disease that affects the digestive system, leading to extreme dehydration with the possibility of death within hours (Symington, 2011). The culprit responsible for this particular plague is the bacteria Vibrios cholerae (Kraft, 2010). Symptoms of cholera have been traced as far back as ancient Greek times and Sanskrit writings (Pukatzki Provenzano, 2013). Between 1817 andRead MoreCholera Is A Contagious Infection1808 Words   |  8 Pagesof inappropriate treatment modules. If the persons with severe symptoms tend to be treated appropriately, less than 1% of them would die from it. Vibrio Cholerae is the primary agent responsible for Cholera infection. An individual may be infected with the disease if he/she ingests food or water that is contaminated with the bacterium. Vibrio Cholerae has both the host and environmental stages for its life cycle. Looking at the organism’s structure, it is serologically differentiated into the O antigenRead MoreEscherichia Coli : A Type Of Intestinal Sickness1478 Words   |  6 Pagescreated by Vibrio cholerae. ETEC is endemic in numerous creating nations, including Mexico and Bangladesh, and is regularly experienced by travelers, individuals from the military, or different visitors travelling around. Due to poor surveillance, mortality because of ETEC is hard to gauge, yet there are accepted to be no less than 400,000 ETEC-related deaths in children less than 5 years old every year, with incalculable others likely grouped just as death because of diarrhea. Human ETEC strainsRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Vibrio Cholera1961 W ords   |  8 PagesVibrio cholera is a gram negative rod shaped bacteria which colonises the human gut causing acute diarrheal disease and leads to frequent epidemics around the world. In 2014 190, 549 cholera cases were reported to the World Health Organisation (Global Health Observatory Data 2014) , however the true number is likely to be far higher as there are many greatly affected locations which have poor or nonexistent data. Vibrio cholera is currently treated by the use of oral antibiotics coupled with rehydrationRead MoreEssay Cholera Disease Research Report2225 Words   |  9 PagesKarla Obasi HEA 341 Disease Research Report December 9, 2010 CHOLERA Disease Defined Cholera is an infection of the small intestine that causes a large amount of watery diarrhea. Cholera is a bacterial disease (caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae) usually spread through contaminated water. The bacteria, which are found in fecal-contaminated food and water and in raw or undercooked seafood, produce a toxin that affects the intestines causing diarrhea, vomiting, and severe fluid and electrolyteRead More Guillain-Barre Syndrome Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesOf the individuals that contracted GBS following vaccinations, the swine flu vaccine of 1976-77 had the highest correlation rate. On a lesser note, five cases of GBS werereported following vaccinations with Haemophilus influenzas type b diphtheria toxoid-conjugate. Since 14 million doses of the vaccine have been distributed since June 1990, the incidence remains marginal. Experimental evidence linking GBS in humans with allergic neuritis in animals has attempted to show an immunologic basisRead MoreThe Health Issues That Are Still Affecting India Today2020 Words   |  9 PagesCholera is water borne and a communicable disease it is also preventable. This disease can cause people to have severe diarrhoea which the body then loses a mass amount of fluids, people then become exceedingly dehydrated which can lead to death. Vibrio cholera or V. Cholera is the bacteria found in Cholera infecting the intestines and causing diarrhoea (Cholera and the Thames, 2014). In 2014, The World Health Organisation (WHO) updated their fact sheet with key facts about Cholera. It was estimated